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Fundamental of software testing is required to understand the basics of the software as such. Since all the softwares contain some fundamental concepts referring to its structure, configuration and working process. If you don’t know about those concepts in first place, how could you be able to test the software then? Understating the software completely and its fundamentals is the basic requisite to improve its proficiency.

The need to test software arises from the fact that without prototype testing no software can be marked as cent percent workable and proficient to process efficiently. To check the insufficiencies of the software it is tested before actual implementation or release. Software testing doesn’t necessarily guarantee cent per cent results in the specified way, but it can surely minimise the risk of faults in the implementation phase.
Software testing can be referred to as a method of identifying the weaknesses in the product before it is realised to the publics. These faults might be like defected software codes, execution problems, or potential gap between the expected and received results. Below are given a few software testing principles which can help you understand the software testing concept more deeply.

•    Testing shows where the problem exists.
•    Sample situations are used to test the software and find out faults if any.
•    It is better to find the problems in early phase as it minimises the costs to be levied to fix them up.
•    If software doesn’t show any errors in the testing stage, that doesn’t necessarily mean that the software is error free.
•    The focus and type of testing is dependent upon the type of software taken into consideration.
The fundamental software testing process is further divided into some tests, like:
•    Test planning and control – To decide how testing will be conducted and what all tests will be conducted.
•    Test analysis and design – Specific conditions to be tested are determined under this phase.
•    Test implementation and execution – Execution is sought as the most visible testing activity under the whole testing process, which includes generating test data, and analyses of the results achieved.
•    Evaluating exit criterion and reporting – The exit criterion planned in the test planning and control phase is exercised here, and confirms that the testing is complete.
•    Test closure activities – The documentation should be completed correctly, logging of the lessons learned and handing over the test ware to the maintenance team are some tasks done in this phase to end up the testing process.
Software testing is not just reviewing the documentation or observing how the software programme runs, but it is to ensure that every factor in the software has been tested and made to perform effectively to return better results and value for the money invested.

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